{"id":28752,"date":"2025-10-07T08:51:19","date_gmt":"2025-10-07T08:51:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.coinsfera.com\/?p=28752"},"modified":"2026-10-21T16:54:47","modified_gmt":"2026-10-21T16:54:47","slug":"bitcoin-islemleri-nasil-calisir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.coinsfera.com\/tr\/blog\/bitcoin-islemleri-nasil-calisir\/","title":{"rendered":"Bitcoin \u0130\u015flemleri Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r? \u0130\u015flem Kay\u0131tlar\u0131 ve UTXO"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid\">\n<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3739\" src=\"https:\/\/www.coinsfera.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/blockchain.jpg\" alt=\"blokzinciri\" width=\"1500\" height=\"700\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.coinsfera.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/blockchain.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/www.coinsfera.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/blockchain-300x140.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.coinsfera.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/blockchain-1024x478.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.coinsfera.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/blockchain-768x358.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Bitcoin, piyasaya \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck eden kripto paralardan biridir. Bitcoin&#8217;in piyasa de\u011feri t\u00fcm sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn <strong>y\u00fczde 50&#8217;sini<\/strong> a\u015f\u0131yor. Bitcoin&#8217;e duyulan ilgi, de\u011ferinin <strong>2017<\/strong> sonlar\u0131nda <strong>en y\u00fcksek fiyat\u0131na<\/strong> ula\u015fmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Ancak insanlar Bitcoin&#8217;in ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 bilmiyor. Burada Bitcoin blokzincirindeki i\u015flemleri inceleyece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130\u015flemler Bitcoin blokzincirinin merkezi par\u00e7alar\u0131ndan biridir. Bitcoin bir para birimi oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re en az\u0131ndan defterlere ve i\u015flem ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131na sahip olmas\u0131 gerekir. Bu i\u015flemler sistem taraf\u0131ndan gruplan\u0131r ve bloklara yerle\u015ftirilir. \u0130\u015flemler gerekli oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bu t\u00fcr kayda i\u015flem tabanl\u0131 defter denir. Hesap tabanl\u0131 ve i\u015flem tabanl\u0131 muhasebe aras\u0131ndaki fark\u0131 bilmek gerekir.<\/p>\n<p>Teoriden prati\u011fe ge\u00e7mek isteyen kullan\u0131c\u0131lar i\u00e7in, \u00f6zellikle ger\u00e7ek fonlarla ve a\u011f \u00fccretleriyle u\u011fra\u015f\u0131rken <a href=\"https:\/\/www.coinsfera.com\/tr\/buy-bitcoin-in-istanbul\/\">\u0130stanbul&#8217;da Bitcoin almaya<\/a> karar vermeden \u00f6nce Bitcoin i\u015flemlerinin nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamak \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_89 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u0130\u00e7indekiler<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"\u0130\u00e7indekiler Tablosunu A\u00e7\/Kapat\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.coinsfera.com\/tr\/blog\/bitcoin-islemleri-nasil-calisir\/#Islem_tabanli_ve_hesap_tabanli_muhasebe_arasindaki_fark\" >\u0130\u015flem tabanl\u0131 ve hesap tabanl\u0131 muhasebe aras\u0131ndaki fark<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.coinsfera.com\/tr\/blog\/bitcoin-islemleri-nasil-calisir\/#Islemin_derinliklerine_inmek\" >\u0130\u015flemin derinliklerine inmek<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.coinsfera.com\/tr\/blog\/bitcoin-islemleri-nasil-calisir\/#Bitcoin_islemlerini_gorsellestirmek\" >Bitcoin i\u015flemlerini g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirmek<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.coinsfera.com\/tr\/blog\/bitcoin-islemleri-nasil-calisir\/#Bitcoin_islemlerinde_ucretlerin_rolu\" >Bitcoin i\u015flemlerinde \u00fccretlerin rol\u00fc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.coinsfera.com\/tr\/blog\/bitcoin-islemleri-nasil-calisir\/#Mempoolu_anlamak\" >Mempool&#8217;u anlamak<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.coinsfera.com\/tr\/blog\/bitcoin-islemleri-nasil-calisir\/#UTXO_mantigina_daha_yakindan_bakis\" >UTXO mant\u0131\u011f\u0131na daha yak\u0131ndan bak\u0131\u015f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.coinsfera.com\/tr\/blog\/bitcoin-islemleri-nasil-calisir\/#Bitcoin_islemleri_icin_guvenlik_degerlendirmeleri\" >Bitcoin i\u015flemleri i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenlik de\u011ferlendirmeleri<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.coinsfera.com\/tr\/blog\/bitcoin-islemleri-nasil-calisir\/#Son_dusunceler\" >Son d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Islem_tabanli_ve_hesap_tabanli_muhasebe_arasindaki_fark\"><\/span>\u0130\u015flem tabanl\u0131 ve hesap tabanl\u0131 muhasebe aras\u0131ndaki fark<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Hesap tabanl\u0131 defter<\/strong>, kay\u0131tlar\u0131n ana oda\u011f\u0131n\u0131n hesaplar oldu\u011fu defterdir. Her i\u015flem ki\u015filerin hesaplar\u0131na at\u0131fta bulunur ve i\u015flemleri yapmak i\u00e7in yeterli miktarda coin olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirler. Blokzincirinin y\u00fczlerce bloktan olu\u015ftu\u011funu biliyoruz. G\u00f6nderen hesab\u0131n do\u011fru miktarda paraya sahip oldu\u011funu belirlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rsak t\u00fcm bloklar\u0131 analiz etmemiz ve do\u011fru olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hesaplamam\u0131z gerekir. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 \u00e7ok zahmetlidir. \u0130lk tabloya bakarsak tablonun sonunda Alice&#8217;in transfer etmek i\u00e7in do\u011fru miktarda paras\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek zordur. Hesaplayabilece\u011fimiz k\u0131sa bir liste olsa da ger\u00e7ek blokzincirinde bunu yapmak zordur. Hesaplamadan sonra bunun ge\u00e7erli bir i\u015flem olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rece\u011fiz. Ger\u00e7ek kullan\u0131mda, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.coinsfera.com\/tr\/sell-bitcoin-in-istanbul\/\">\u0130stanbul&#8217;da Bitcoin ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda veya satt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda<\/a> her seferinde ayn\u0131 i\u015flem yap\u0131s\u0131 ge\u00e7erlidir: girdiler se\u00e7ilir, \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar olu\u015fturulur ve a\u011f, onaydan \u00f6nce transferi do\u011frular.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3740\" src=\"https:\/\/www.coinsfera.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/ledger.jpg\" alt=\"defter\" width=\"1500\" height=\"700\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.coinsfera.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/ledger.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/www.coinsfera.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/ledger-300x140.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.coinsfera.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/ledger-1024x478.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.coinsfera.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/ledger-768x358.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0130\u015flem tabanl\u0131 defter<\/strong>, kay\u0131tlar\u0131n ana oda\u011f\u0131n\u0131n i\u015flemlerin kendisi oldu\u011fu defterdir. Her i\u015flem, ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini kontrol etmek i\u00e7in ba\u015fka bir i\u015fleme at\u0131fta bulunur. Girdi sat\u0131r\u0131ndaki say\u0131 ba\u015fka bir i\u015fleme ve tam olarak o ki\u015fiye at\u0131fta bulunur. Ger\u00e7ekte bu dizin numaralar\u0131, o i\u015flemlere giden hash i\u015faret\u00e7ileridir (hash pointer). Her i\u015flemin kendi hash de\u011feri vard\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla yaln\u0131zca \u00f6nceki i\u015flemi bularak Alice&#8217;in hesab\u0131nda belirli bir miktar paras\u0131 oldu\u011funu tespit edebiliriz. Coinlerinizin tamam\u0131n\u0131 bir kerede harcaman\u0131z gerekti\u011finden, paran\u0131n ba\u015fka bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 genellikle di\u011fer hesab\u0131n\u0131za olmak \u00fczere kendinize geri g\u00f6ndermeniz gerekir. \u0130ki ayr\u0131 hesaba transfer etmek istiyorsan\u0131z bunu i\u015flemin \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131na iki farkl\u0131 ki\u015fi ekleyerek yapabilirsiniz. \u00d6te yandan iki ayr\u0131 i\u015flemden g\u00f6ndermek istiyorsan\u0131z bunlar\u0131 tek bir girdide birle\u015ftirebilirsiniz. Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.coinsfera.com\/tr\/sell-cryptocurrency-in-istanbul\/\">\u0130stanbul&#8217;da kripto paray\u0131 nakde \u00e7evirmesine<\/a> imkan tan\u0131yan platformlar\u0131n basit bakiye takibi yerine i\u015flem tabanl\u0131 do\u011frulamaya dayanmas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni tam olarak budur.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Islemin_derinliklerine_inmek\"><\/span>\u0130\u015flemin derinliklerine inmek<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0130\u015flemin nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 inceledik. \u015eimdi i\u015flemin programlama taraf\u0131na inmenin zaman\u0131 geldi. Bitcoin&#8217;i soyut bir sistem olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fi i\u00e7in bunun ilgin\u00e7 olaca\u011f\u0131ndan eminim. Burada i\u015fleme yak\u0131ndan bakmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130\u015flemin girdi ve \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011funu, bunun betik (script) i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011funu biliyoruz. Ayr\u0131ca i\u015flem hakk\u0131nda bize baz\u0131 bilgiler veren bir \u00fcst veri (metadata) b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc vard\u0131r. \u00dcst veride analiz edilecek baz\u0131 \u00f6nemli anahtar kelimeler vard\u0131r. \u0130lk olarak <strong><em>&#8220;hash&#8221;<\/em><\/strong> i\u015flemin hash de\u011feridir. Gelecekte bu i\u015fleme hash i\u015faret\u00e7isi olarak kullan\u0131labilecek hash de\u011feridir. \u0130kinci olarak <strong><em>&#8220;vin_sz&#8221;<\/em> <\/strong>i\u015flemdeki girdi say\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Burada iki girdi var. Sonra <strong><em>&#8220;vout_sz&#8221;<\/em><\/strong> i\u015flemdeki \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Burada bir \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 var. <strong><em>&#8220;size&#8221;<\/em><\/strong> i\u015flemin boyutudur.<\/p>\n<p>\u00dcst veriden sonra girdiler b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc gelir. \u0130ki girdimiz var ve iki benzer kod par\u00e7am\u0131z olacak. \u0130lk olarak <strong><em>&#8220;hash&#8221;<\/em><\/strong> \u00f6nceki i\u015flemin hash de\u011feridir ve <strong><em>&#8220;n&#8221;<\/em><\/strong> i\u015flemdeki dizini g\u00f6sterir. \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131n\u0131n dizini s\u0131f\u0131rd\u0131r ve s\u0131f\u0131r, \u00f6ncekinden ilk \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131d\u0131r. Sonunda <strong><em>&#8220;scriptSig&#8221;<\/em><\/strong> vard\u0131r; bu, \u00f6nceki i\u015flemden o fonlar\u0131 talep edebildi\u011fimizi g\u00f6steren imzam\u0131zd\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid\">\n<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner \">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"vc_empty_space\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3742\" src=\"https:\/\/www.coinsfera.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/metadata.jpg\" alt=\"\u00fcst veri\" width=\"1500\" height=\"700\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.coinsfera.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/metadata.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/www.coinsfera.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/metadata-300x140.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.coinsfera.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/metadata-1024x478.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.coinsfera.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/metadata-768x358.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\" \/><\/div>\n<div>\n<p>Son b\u00f6l\u00fcm kodun \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 k\u0131sm\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131 iki b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fur: de\u011fer ve betik. <strong><em>&#8220;value&#8221;<\/em><\/strong> g\u00f6ndermek istedi\u011finiz coinlerdir. <strong><em>&#8220;scriptPubKey&#8221;<\/em><\/strong> yaln\u0131zca a\u00e7\u0131k anahtar\u0131 de\u011fil ba\u015fka \u015feyleri de i\u00e7erir. Ad\u0131ndan anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 gibi bir betiktir. Bu, Bitcoin betik dilidir. Bu dil basit, kompakt ve \u00f6zellikle kriptografi i\u00e7in yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Y\u0131\u011f\u0131n (stack) tabanl\u0131 bir dildir. Bu programlama dilinde d\u00f6ng\u00fc fonksiyonu yoktur. Bu, her komutun do\u011frusal bir \u015fekilde bir kez y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anlam\u0131na gelir. \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131daki betikleri inceleyelim.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>&lt;sig&gt; &lt;pubKey&gt; OP_DUP OP_HASH160 &lt;pubKeyHash&gt; OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bu betikte <strong><em>&lt;sig&gt;<\/em><\/strong> ve <strong><em>&lt;pubKey&gt;<\/em><\/strong>, \u00f6demeyi alacak al\u0131c\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan belirlenir. <strong>OP_DUP<\/strong>, y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tepesindeki son y\u0131\u011f\u0131lan de\u011feri (bu durumda <em>&lt;pubkey&gt;<\/em>) al\u0131p \u00e7o\u011faltan i\u015flemdir. <strong>OP_HASH160<\/strong>, son y\u0131\u011f\u0131lan de\u011ferin (<em>&lt;pubkey&gt;<\/em>) hash de\u011ferini bulur. Sonra algoritma, g\u00f6nderen taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011flanan a\u00e7\u0131k anahtar olan <strong>&lt;<em>pubKeyHash<\/em>&gt;<\/strong> de\u011ferini ekler. Sonra <strong><em>OP_EQUALVERIFY<\/em><\/strong>, al\u0131c\u0131 ve g\u00f6nderen taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011flanan a\u00e7\u0131k anahtar\u0131n hash&#8217;inin ayn\u0131 oldu\u011funu do\u011frulayan i\u015flemdir. Do\u011fruysa son iki y\u0131\u011f\u0131n kaybolur. Son olarak a\u00e7\u0131k anahtar\u0131n do\u011fru oldu\u011funu zaten bulduk ve <strong><em>OP_CHECKSIG<\/em><\/strong>, imzay\u0131 yeniden do\u011frulayan ve imzan\u0131n t\u00fcm i\u015flem i\u00e7in do\u011fru oldu\u011funu onaylayan komuttur. Bitcoin betik dilinin g\u00fcc\u00fc, hi\u00e7bir k\u00fct\u00fcphaneyi \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rmamas\u0131d\u0131r. Her \u015fey Bitcoin betik dilindedir. Bir hata olu\u015fursa t\u00fcm s\u00fcre\u00e7 durur ve i\u015flem blokzincirine eklenmez.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bitcoin_islemlerini_gorsellestirmek\"><\/span>Bitcoin i\u015flemlerini g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirmek<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Bitcoin i\u015flemlerini dura\u011fan veriler olarak de\u011fil, bir ak\u0131\u015f olarak ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda anlamak \u00e7ok daha kolay hale gelir.<\/p>\n<p>Bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 i\u015flem ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda c\u00fczdan yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 daha \u00f6nce al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f coinleri (harcanmam\u0131\u015f \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar olarak bilinir) se\u00e7er ve bunlar\u0131 girdi olarak kullan\u0131r. \u0130\u015flem daha sonra \u00f6zel anahtarla imzalan\u0131r ve Bitcoin a\u011f\u0131na yay\u0131nlan\u0131r. Bu a\u015famada, mempool ad\u0131 verilen onaylanmam\u0131\u015f i\u015flemler havuzuna girer.<\/p>\n<p>Buradan itibaren madenciler i\u015flemleri de\u011ferlendirir ve hangilerinin sonraki blo\u011fa dahil edilece\u011fini se\u00e7er. Bu se\u00e7im \u00f6ncelikle i\u015flem \u00fccretlerine dayan\u0131r. Bir i\u015flem bir blo\u011fa dahil edilip blokzincirine eklendi\u011finde ilk onay\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r. Her ek blokla i\u015flem daha g\u00fcvenli ve geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclemez hale gelir.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26518\" src=\"https:\/\/www.coinsfera.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/included-in-block.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.coinsfera.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/included-in-block.png 1280w, https:\/\/www.coinsfera.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/included-in-block-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/www.coinsfera.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/included-in-block-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.coinsfera.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/included-in-block-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/www.coinsfera.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/included-in-block-360x202.png 360w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bitcoin_islemlerinde_ucretlerin_rolu\"><\/span><b>Bitcoin i\u015flemlerinde \u00fccretlerin rol\u00fc<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"p1\">Bitcoin&#8217;de son y\u0131llardaki en \u00f6nemli geli\u015fmelerden biri bir <span class=\"s1\"><b>\u00fccret piyasas\u0131n\u0131n (fee market)<\/b><\/span> ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Bitcoin i\u015flemleri e\u015fit bi\u00e7imde i\u015flenmez. Bunun yerine madenciler boyutlar\u0131na g\u00f6re daha y\u00fcksek \u00fccret sunan i\u015flemlere \u00f6ncelik verir. Bu \u00fccretler sabit bir tutar olarak de\u011fil, genellikle <span class=\"s1\"><b>bayt ba\u015f\u0131na satoshi (sat\/vB)<\/b><\/span> cinsinden \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Pratik olarak bu \u015fu anlama gelir:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u00c7ok girdili bir i\u015flemin boyutu daha b\u00fcy\u00fck olur<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p1\">Daha b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015flemlerin h\u0131zl\u0131 i\u015flenmesi i\u00e7in daha y\u00fcksek toplam \u00fccret gerekir<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"p1\">Y\u00fcksek talep d\u00f6nemlerinde kullan\u0131c\u0131lar daha y\u00fcksek \u00fccret teklif ederek fiilen birbiriyle rekabet eder. Sonu\u00e7 olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccretli i\u015flemler mempool&#8217;da uzun s\u00fcre bekleyebilir ya da hi\u00e7 i\u015flenmeyebilir.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Bu dinamik sistem, kullan\u0131m artt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bile a\u011f\u0131n verimli kalmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mempoolu_anlamak\"><\/span><b>Mempool&#8217;u anlamak<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"p1\">Mempool, hen\u00fcz onaylanmam\u0131\u015f i\u015flemler i\u00e7in bir bekleme alan\u0131 olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Bitcoin a\u011f\u0131ndaki her d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm, ge\u00e7erli ancak onaylanmam\u0131\u015f t\u00fcm i\u015flemleri i\u00e7eren kendi mempool s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc tutar. A\u011f t\u0131kan\u0131k olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda i\u015flemler nispeten h\u0131zl\u0131 onaylanabilir. Ancak yo\u011fun d\u00f6nemlerde mempool \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde b\u00fcy\u00fcyebilir.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Bu gibi durumlarda:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p1\">Y\u00fcksek \u00fccretli i\u015flemler \u00f6nce i\u015flenir<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p1\">D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccretli i\u015flemler gecikme ya\u015fayabilir<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p1\">Baz\u0131 i\u015flemler \u00e7ok uzun s\u00fcre onaylanmadan kal\u0131rsa sonunda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclebilir<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"p1\">Bu mekanizma, herhangi bir merkezi otoriteye dayanmadan do\u011fal bir \u00f6nceliklendirme sistemi olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-26519\" src=\"https:\/\/www.coinsfera.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/image-621-1200x516-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"516\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.coinsfera.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/image-621-1200x516-1.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.coinsfera.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/image-621-1200x516-1-300x129.png 300w, https:\/\/www.coinsfera.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/image-621-1200x516-1-1024x440.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.coinsfera.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/image-621-1200x516-1-768x330.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"UTXO_mantigina_daha_yakindan_bakis\"><\/span><b>UTXO mant\u0131\u011f\u0131na daha yak\u0131ndan bak\u0131\u015f<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"p1\">Bitcoin, bakiyeleri geleneksel anlamda saklamaz. Bunun yerine <span class=\"s1\"><b>Harcanmam\u0131\u015f \u0130\u015flem \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131 (UTXO)<\/b><\/span> modelini kullan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Her i\u015flem \u00f6nceki \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar\u0131 t\u00fcketir ve yenilerini olu\u015fturur. Girdilerin toplam de\u011feri g\u00f6nderilen tutar\u0131 a\u015farsa kalan bakiye, genellikle <i>para \u00fcst\u00fc (change)<\/i> olarak an\u0131lan yeni bir \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 olarak g\u00f6ndericiye iade edilir. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.coinsfera.com\/tr\/sell-tether-in-istanbul\/\">\u0130stanbul&#8217;da USDT<\/a> ya da Bitcoin bozdurdu\u011funuzda c\u00fczdan\u0131n\u0131z bu girdi-\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131 arka planda otomatik olarak y\u00f6netir; do\u011fru tutar\u0131n aktar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve kalan bakiyenin size iade edilmesini sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Bu tasar\u0131m\u0131n birka\u00e7 avantaj\u0131 vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u015eeffafl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve izlenebilirli\u011fi art\u0131r\u0131r<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u00c7ifte harcamay\u0131 son derece zorla\u015ft\u0131rarak g\u00fcvenli\u011fi art\u0131r\u0131r<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p1\">Her \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 yaln\u0131zca bir kez harcanabildi\u011fi i\u00e7in do\u011frulamay\u0131 basitle\u015ftirir<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"p1\">Ancak karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k da getirir. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u00e7ok say\u0131da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131y\u0131 y\u00f6netmek i\u015flem boyutunu art\u0131rabilir ve gelecekte daha y\u00fcksek \u00fccretlere yol a\u00e7abilir.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bitcoin_islemleri_icin_guvenlik_degerlendirmeleri\"><\/span><b>Bitcoin i\u015flemleri i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenlik de\u011ferlendirmeleri<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"p1\">Bitcoin&#8217;in alt\u0131nda yatan teknoloji son derece g\u00fcvenli olsa da kullan\u0131c\u0131 kaynakl\u0131 hatalar en b\u00fcy\u00fck risklerden biri olmaya devam ediyor.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">G\u00fcvenli i\u015flem i\u00e7in kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n birka\u00e7 temel ilkeyi izlemesi gerekir:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p1\">Fon g\u00f6ndermeden \u00f6nce al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n adresini her zaman do\u011frulay\u0131n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p1\">Adresleri elle kopyalamaktan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n; m\u00fcmk\u00fcnse QR kod kullan\u0131n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u00d6zel anahtarlar\u0131 ve kurtarma ifadelerini g\u00fcvenli ve \u00e7evrimd\u0131\u015f\u0131 saklay\u0131n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p1\">Daha b\u00fcy\u00fck tutarlar\u0131 saklamak i\u00e7in donan\u0131m c\u00fczdan\u0131 kullan\u0131n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"p1\">Kimlik av\u0131 web sitelerine ve sahte c\u00fczdan uygulamalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 dikkatli olun<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u00d6zellikle yeni bir adresle i\u015flem yaparken b\u00fcy\u00fck tutarlar aktarmadan \u00f6nce k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir test i\u015flemi g\u00f6ndermek de iyi uygulama olarak kabul edilir.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Son_dusunceler\"><\/span><b>Son d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"p3\">Bitcoin i\u015flemleri ilk bak\u0131\u015fta karma\u015f\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcnebilir, ancak \u00f6z\u00fcnde mant\u0131kl\u0131 ve \u015feffaf bir yap\u0131y\u0131 izler. Her i\u015flem, ge\u00e7mi\u015f sahipli\u011fi gelecekteki sahipli\u011fe merkezi bir otoriteye gerek duymadan ba\u011flayan bir kriptografik kan\u0131t zinciridir.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">Girdilerin, \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar\u0131n, \u00fccretlerin ve do\u011frulama mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131n birlikte nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlayarak kullan\u0131c\u0131lar, de\u011ferin Bitcoin a\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerinde nas\u0131l g\u00fcvenle aktar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 daha net g\u00f6rebilir.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">Bu daha derin anlay\u0131\u015f, yaln\u0131zca Bitcoin kullanma g\u00fcvenini art\u0131rmakla kalmaz, ayn\u0131 zamanda altta yatan tasar\u0131m\u0131n zarafetini de ortaya koyar.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em><strong>Sorumluluk reddi: <\/strong>\u0130\u00e7erikte sunulan t\u00fcm bilgiler yaln\u0131zca bilgilendirme ama\u00e7l\u0131d\u0131r ve yat\u0131r\u0131m, finansal veya al\u0131m sat\u0131m tavsiyesi olarak alg\u0131lanmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Verece\u011finiz her yat\u0131r\u0131m karar\u0131; finansal bilgi, deneyim ve piyasa ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131na dayanan ki\u015fisel bir tercih olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bitcoin, piyasaya \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck eden kripto paralardan biridir. Bitcoin&#8217;in piyasa de\u011feri t\u00fcm sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn y\u00fczde 50&#8217;sini a\u015f\u0131yor. Bitcoin&#8217;e duyulan ilgi, de\u011ferinin 2017 sonlar\u0131nda en y\u00fcksek fiyat\u0131na ula\u015fmas\u0131na [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":13748,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_yoast_wpseo_linkdex":"","_yoast_wpseo_content_score":"","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-nofollow":"","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-adv":"","_yoast_wpseo_bctitle":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_yoast_wpseo_redirect":"","_yoast_wpseo_opengraph-title":"","_yoast_wpseo_opengraph-description":"","_yoast_wpseo_opengraph-image":"","_yoast_wpseo_opengraph-image-id":"","_yoast_wpseo_twitter-title":"","_yoast_wpseo_twitter-description":"","_yoast_wpseo_twitter-image":"","_yoast_wpseo_twitter-image-id":"","_yoast_wpseo_schema_page_type":"","_yoast_wpseo_schema_article_type":"","_yoast_wpseo_focuskeywords":"","_yoast_wpseo_focuskw_text_input":"","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-notranslate":"","_yoast_wpseo_opengraph-article-section":"","_yoast_wpseo_opengraph-article-tag":"","_yoast_wpseo_primary_category":null,"_yoast_wpseo_keywordsynonyms":"","_yoast_wpseo_cornerstone":"","_yoast_wpseo_opengraph-show-image":"","_yoast_wpseo_twitter-show-image":"","_rrs_name":"","_rrs_type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[364],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-28752","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","entry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Bitcoin \u0130\u015flemleri Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r? UTXO | Coinsfera<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Bitcoin i\u015flemleri nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r? \u0130\u015flem tabanl\u0131 defter, girdi ve \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar, mempool, i\u015flem \u00fccretleri ve UTXO mant\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sade anlat\u0131mla \u00f6\u011frenin.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.coinsfera.com\/tr\/blog\/bitcoin-islemleri-nasil-calisir\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bitcoin \u0130\u015flemleri Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r? 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